Simplify the Compound Rational Expression

question 22

Multiple Choice

Simplify the compound rational expression. Use either method.

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Definitions:

Hydrogen Ion Gradient

A hydrogen ion gradient is the differential concentration of hydrogen ions (protons) across a membrane, important in processes such as ATP synthesis.

Electron Transfer Chain

A series of complexes that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Free Radicals

Atoms or groups of atoms with unpaired electrons that are highly reactive, potentially causing damage to cells and DNA.

Cellular Damage

Harm or injury to cells resulting from various factors, such as toxins, infection, or physical injury, affecting their function.