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When Sampling Without Replacement, the Probability of Obtaining a Certain

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When sampling without replacement, the probability of obtaining a certain sample is best given by a


Definitions:

Biomass Reduction

A decrease in the total mass of organisms in a particular area, ecosystem, or trophic level over time, often due to environmental pressures or exploitation.

Gross Primary Productivity

The total rate at which an ecosystem's producers, like plants, convert solar energy into organic substances through photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, producing oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Detritivores

Organisms that feed on dead organic material, especially plant detritus.

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