Exhibit 12-8 The Following Shows the Number of Individuals in a Sample

question 21

Multiple Choice

Exhibit 12-8
The following shows the number of individuals in a sample of 300 who indicated they support the new tax proposal. We are interested in determining whether or not the opinions of the individuals of the three groups are uniformly distributed.
-Refer to Exhibit 12-8. The expected frequency for each group is

• A)0.333
• B)0.50
• C)50
• D)None of these alternatives is correct.

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Definitions:

Decentralized Authority

A system where decision-making powers are distributed throughout various levels in an organization, rather than being concentrated at a single point.

Flat Structures

An organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives, promoting more direct communication.

Reducing Overhead Costs

Strategies aimed at decreasing the expenses not directly tied to the production of goods or services, such as rent, utilities, and administrative costs.

Spans of Control

The number of subordinates directly supervised by a manager, affecting the structure and efficiency of organizational communication and decision-making.