Determine Whether the Following Symbolized Argument Is Valid or Invalid $\rarr$

question 39

Short Answer

Determine whether the following symbolized argument is valid or invalid.If invalid,provide a counterexample;if valid,construct a deduction.
P $\rarr$ Q
Q $\rarr$ R
R $\rarr$ S
(P $\rarr$ S) $\rarr$ (Q $\rarr$ ~P)
~P/ $\therefore$ ~Q

---

Definitions:

Civil Rights

are the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality.

Federal Programs

Government initiatives designed to provide public services, support economic development, or address social issues.

Federal Offices

Governmental positions and departments at the national level, responsible for implementing and overseeing federal laws and policies.

Chairman Of The Joint Chiefs

The highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces, who serves as the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense.