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The conditions for a valid instruments do not include the following:
Social-cognitive Perspective
A psychological approach emphasizing the importance of observational learning, self-efficacy, situational influences, and cognitive processes in behavior.
Unexpected Aversive Events
Events that are not anticipated and cause a negative emotional or physical reaction.
Helplessness
A psychological state in which an individual feels unable to control or escape from their situation, often leading to decreased motivation and depression.
Manic Phase
A period in bipolar disorder characterized by elevated mood, increased activity or energy levels, and often impaired judgment.
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