Distinguish Between Genotype and Phenotype and Explain How the Environment

question 82

Essay

Distinguish between genotype and phenotype and explain how the environment may affect each.

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Definitions:

Reinforcement

In behaviorism, a process that increases the likelihood of a behavior by either presenting a positive stimulus or removing a negative one.

Punishment

Punishment involves the application of an undesirable consequence or the removal of a desirable outcome in order to decrease the likelihood of a behavior's recurrence.

Fromm's Existential Needs

Refers to the basic needs identified by Erich Fromm that drive human behavior, including relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, a sense of identity, and a frame of orientation.

Erikson's Stages

Refers to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outlines eight stages of human growth, each characterized by a specific conflict and potential outcome.