Use the Following Two Columns of Items to Answer the Matching

question 111

Multiple Choice

Use the following two columns of items to answer the matching questions below:
-net asset value

• A)funds that sell shares directly to investors and repurchase the shares when investors wish to sell them
• B)annual expenses per share divided by the net asset value of a mutual fund
• C)funds that sell directly to investors and do not charge a fee
• D)amount by which a closed-end fund's share price in the secondary market is above the fund's NAV
• E)market value of the securities that a mutual fund has purchased minus any liabilities owed

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Definitions:

Punisher

An entity or stimulus that decreases the likelihood of a behavior recurring by administering an adverse response or outcome.

Negative Reinforcer

A stimulus whose removal after a behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future.

Shaping

A technique in behavioral psychology involving the successive reinforcement of behaviors that approximate the desired behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

A process in learning whereby the likelihood of a behavior is increased by removing or avoiding a negative outcome or stimuli.