Which of the Following Statements Is FALSE

question 36

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

• A)By including more covenants,issuers increase their costs of borrowing.
• B)Once bonds are issued,equity holders have an incentive to increase dividends at the expense of debt holders.
• C)Covenants may restrict the level of further indebtedness and specify that the issuer must maintain a minimum amount of working capital.
• D)If the covenants are designed to reduce agency costs by restricting management's ability to take negative NPV actions that exploit debt holders,then the reduction in the firm's borrowing cost can more than outweigh the cost of the loss of flexibility associated with covenants.

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Definitions:

Marketing Cost

Expenses associated with promoting and selling a product or service, including advertising, market research, and distribution costs.

Economic Costs

The total cost of choosing one action over another, including both explicit costs and opportunity costs.

Accounting Costs

Costs that are recognized in the financial statements and involve actual cash flow, such as salaries, rent, and materials.

Implicit Costs

Costs that are not directly paid out or incurred in money but represent the opportunity cost of using resources owned by the firm for its own production instead of renting them out or selling.