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An unusual lightning strike has a vertical portion with a current of −400 A downwards. The Earth's magnetic field at that location is parallel to the ground and has a magnitude of 30 μT. In N, the force exerted by the Earth's magnetic field on the 25 m-long current is
Indifference Curves
Graphical representations showing combinations of goods or services that provide the same level of satisfaction to a consumer.
Ordinary Goods
In a consumer’s utility function, those for which additional units of one good are required to compensate for fewer units of another, and vice versa; and for which the consumer experiences a diminishing marginal rate of substitution when substituting one good in place of another.
Marginal Rate
The rate at which one variable changes over the change in another variable, often used in the context of taxes or marginal rate of substitution in economics.
Substitution
The economic concept whereby consumers replace costlier items with less expensive alternatives, or firms switch between inputs to minimize costs.
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