A Light Ray Is Partially Reflected and Partially Refracted at a Boundary

question 28

Multiple Choice

A light ray is partially reflected and partially refracted at a boundary between two media,the upper one having index of refraction n,the lower one having index of refraction n',as shown in the figure.The reflected ray is perpendicular to the refracted ray when

• A) .
• B) .
• C) .
• D) .
• E) .

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Definitions:

Buffers

Substances that minimize changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions in a solution.

Enzymes

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy, involved in processes such as digestion and metabolism.

Glycolysis

A metabolic process that breaks down glucose to form pyruvate, releasing energy and producing ATP.

NAD+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in all living cells that is central to metabolism and acts as an electron carrier helping to generate energy through the redox reactions.