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For the risk-averse manager, the required return decreases for an increase in risk.
Zero-Sum Game
A situation in game theory where one participant's gain or loss is exactly balanced by the losses or gains of the other participants.
Negative-Sum Game
In game theory, a game in which the gains (+) and losses (−) add up to some amount less than zero; one party’s losses exceed the other party’s gains. A strategic interaction (game) between two or more parties (players) in which the winners’ gains are less than the losers’ losses so that the gains and losses sum to a negative number.
Positive-Sum Game
A situation in game theory in which the sum of gains and losses is greater than zero, indicating that all participants can benefit from cooperation or competition.
Oligopoly
A market structure characterized by a few firms controlling a large portion of the market share, influencing prices and competition.
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