Which of the Following Conditions Is an Indication for Application

question 88

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conditions is an indication for application of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) ? 1.The patient is mentally competent, cooperative, and not using heavy sedation or narcotics.2.Supplemental O₂ therapy is unnecessary or minimal.3.SaO₂ can be maintained above 90% by aggressive airway clearance techniques.4.Bulbar muscle function is adequate for swallowing without potentially dangerous aspiration.5.No history exists of substance abuse or uncontrollable seizures.6.Unassisted or manually assisted peak expiratory flows during coughing exceed 3 L/sec.7.No conditions are present that interfere with NPPV interfaces (e.g., facial trauma, inadequate bite for mouthpiece, presence of nasogastric tube, or facial hair that can hamper airtight seal) .

• A)The patient requires low concentrations of supplemental O₂.
• B)The patient cannot swallow without the risk of aspiration.
• C)The patient's peak cough flows are less than 3 L/sec.
• D)Because of facial trauma, an airtight mask seal is impossible.

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Definitions:

Skin Surface

The outermost layer of the body that protects against environmental hazards and regulates temperature.

Hypodermis

The innermost layer of skin, consisting primarily of fat and connective tissue that helps insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and other structures.

Subcutaneous Tissue

The layer of tissue beneath the skin that contains fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body.

Pressure Ulcer

A localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, caused by pressure or pressure in combination with shear.