A Ruby Laser Can Deliver a 4

question 62

Multiple Choice

A ruby laser can deliver a 4.33-J pulse in approximately 50 nanoseconds.The wavelength of the light is 694 nm.At least how many atoms within the ruby rod had to be excited to allow this high-energy laser pulse? (h = 6.63 × 10−³⁴ J⋅s,c = 3.00 × 10⁸ m/s,1 eV = 1.6 × 10−¹⁹ J,and 1 nm = 10−⁹ m)

• A)3.5E+18
• B)3.0E+17
• C)1.5E+19
• D)1.5E+21
• E)​1.1E+18

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Definitions:

Altered State

A condition which is significantly different from a normal waking state, induced by various means like meditation, drugs, or hypnosis.

Posthypnotic Suggestion

involves instructions given to a person under hypnosis that are to be executed after the hypnosis session has ended, often used to change behaviors.

Mindfulness Meditation

A practice of maintaining a nonjudgmental state of heightened or complete awareness of one's thoughts, emotions, or experiences on a moment-to-moment basis.

Change Blindness

A failure to be aware of visual information when one’s attention is directed elsewhere.