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Timothy and Alice,who are married with modified AGI of $90,000,are sending their daughter to her first year of college.Their total tuition and related payments during the year amounted to $13,000.In addition,their daughter received a $10,000 scholarship to cover tuition.They have not taken advantage of any other type of tax benefit related to educational expenses.Their American Opportunity Tax Credit is
Secondary Reinforcement
A process in which a neutral stimulus becomes reinforcing through its association with a primary reinforcer.
Fixed-ratio Scheduling
A type of reinforcement schedule in behaviorism where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavior modification technique that involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
Primary Reinforcers
Innate reinforcing qualities like food, water, or rest that do not need to be learned because they are naturally satisfying.
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