Consider the Following Reaction Which Has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 $\Delta$

question 19

Multiple Choice

Consider the following reaction which has a ∆G˚' ≈ +30 kJ/mol.
malate + NAD⁺ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H⁺
In muscle cells, the reaction proceeds as written.Which of the following explains how the reaction occurs as written despite the positive value for $\Delta$ G^°'?

• A)It is thermodynamically favored under standard conditions.
• B)In the cell, it is kinetically favored, even though it's thermodynamically unfavorable.
• C)The concentration of malate must be higher than oxaloacetate for this reaction to occur in the cell.
• D)[H⁺] must be higher in muscle than under standard conditions, thus altering ∆G˚ to ∆G˚'.
• E)None of the above