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Jobs lost to foreign trade are generally easy to identify, but jobs created by foreign trade are generally less easy to identify.
Population Parameter
A numerical value that summarizes a characteristic for the entire population.
Directional Hypothesis
A prediction specifying the expected direction of the relationship between variables, indicating either a positive or negative association.
Nondirectional Hypothesis
A hypothesis that predicts a relationship between variables but does not specify the direction of that relationship.
Research Hypothesis
A specific, testable prediction about the expected outcome of a study based on theoretical concepts or previous research.
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