Which of the Following Is Not a Critical Ethical Issue

question 62

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is not a critical ethical issue for criminal justice researchers?

• A) Data confidentiality
• B) Protection of human subjects
• C) Disclosure of research methods
• D) Application of results to social policy

---

Definitions:

Operant Responding

A technique of teaching that involves giving rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior.

Negative Punishment

Removing a desirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Positive Punishment

In operant conditioning, a method that involves adding an unfavorable outcome or event following an undesired behavior, intended to decrease the likelihood of the behavior recurring.

Law of Effect

A principle of behavior that states responses followed by satisfaction will become more likely to occur, while those followed by dissatisfaction will become less likely.