Many Cities Around the United States Are Installing LED Streetlights

question 68

Multiple Choice

Many cities around the United States are installing LED streetlights, in part to combat crime by improving visibility after dusk. An urban police department claims that the proportion of crimes committed after dusk will fall below the current level of 0.84 if LED streetlights are installed. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses to test the police department's claim.

• A) H₀: p = 0.84 and H_A: p ≠ 0.84
• B) H₀: p < 0.84 and H_A: p ≥ 0.84
• C) H₀: p ≤ 0.84 and H_A: p > 0.84
• D) H₀: p ≥ 0.84 and H_A: p < 0.84

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Definitions:

Labeling

The process of classifying and naming individuals or groups based on perceived characteristics, which can influence identity and behavior.

Deviant

Behaviors or actions that violate societal norms or standards, often resulting in societal judgment or sanction.

Scapegoats

Individuals or groups unfairly blamed for problems or wrongdoings they did not cause, often to deflect responsibility from the true culprits.

Control Theory

The theory that an individual’s tendency to engage in deviant behavior is influenced by his or her ties to other persons. There are four components of such ties: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief.