In the Following Table, Individuals Are Cross-Classified by Their Age

question 5

Multiple Choice

In the following table, individuals are cross-classified by their age group and income level. For the chi-square test of independence, the degrees of freedom are ________.

• A) 2
• B) 4
• C) 9
• D) 8

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Definitions:

Formal Operational

The stage of cognitive development in Piaget’s theory characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract concepts.

Advanced Moral Reasoning

Advanced moral reasoning is a level of ethical thinking that goes beyond personal or cultural norms to consider the greater good and principles of justice, fairness, and human rights.

Preconventional

A stage in moral development where individuals' moral reasoning is based primarily on consequences and personal benefits.

Sociological Criticism

An approach in critical theory that analyzes literature, media, or art from a sociological perspective, focusing on cultural, economic, and political contexts.