A Researcher with the Ministry of Transportation Is Commissioned to Study

question 74

Multiple Choice

A researcher with the Ministry of Transportation is commissioned to study the drive times to work (one-way) for U.S. cities. The underlying hypothesis is that average commute times are different across cities. To test the hypothesis, the researcher randomly selects six people from each of the four cities and records their one-way commute times to work. Refer to the below data on one-way commute times (in minutes) to work. Note that the grand mean is 36.625. The p-value for the test is ________.

• A) less than 0.01
• B) between 0.01 and 0.025
• C) between 0.025 and 0.05
• D) greater than 0.05

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Definitions:

Conditioned Reinforcer

A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; often used in behavior modification and conditioning.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior, which affects the likelihood of certain behaviors being repeated.

Classical Conditioning

The process of acquiring knowledge by forming associations between a stimulus present in the environment and one that naturally occurs.

Shaping

A method of behavior modification by which successive approximations toward a desired behavior are reinforced, used extensively in operant conditioning.