The Following Data for Five Years of the Annual Returns

question 103

Multiple Choice

The following data for five years of the annual returns for two of Vanguard's mutual funds, the Vanguard Energy Fund (x) and the Vanguard Healthcare Fund (y) , were given as s_x = 35.77, s_y = 13.34, s_xy = 447.68. Which of the following is the value of the sample correlation coefficient?

• A) 0.88
• B) 0.94
• C) 0.78
• D) −0.78

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Definitions:

Break-even

The point at which total costs and total revenues are equal, meaning that there is no net loss or gain from the business activities.

Marginal Cost

The expense associated with the production of an extra single unit of a good or service.

Perfectly Competitive

A market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, free entry and exit, homogeneous products, and perfect information among consumers and producers.

Perfect Competitor

A theoretical market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and no barriers to entry or exit, leading to perfect information and no control over prices.