The Following Data Represent the Test Scores of Eight Students

question 4

Essay

The following data represent the test scores of eight students on a statistics test before and after attending extra help sessions for the test:
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline \text { Student } & \text { Before } & \text { After } \\\hline \text { Abby } & 82 & 90 \\\hline \text { Brenda } & 75 & 86 \\\hline \text { Camen } & 90 & 90 \\\hline \text { David } & 68 & 62 \\\hline \text { Edward } & 87 & 89 \\\hline \text { Fraris } & 73 & 75 \\\hline \text { Gill } & 81 & 78 \\\hline \text { Heidi } & 92 & 98 \\\hline\end{array}$$
Use the Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine at the 5% significance level whether the extra help sessions have been effective.

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Definitions:

Cyclical Stock

Shares of companies whose earnings are heavily influenced by economic cycles, often rising during expansions and falling during recessions.

Countercyclical Stock

A stock of a company whose performance is inversely related to the economy's overall performance; it tends to do well during economic downturns.

Security Market Line

A line that represents the relationship between risk and expected return of the market in the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).

Portfolio Beta

A measure used to determine the volatility of a portfolio's returns relative to the overall market.