Which of the Following Communications Between an Accountant and Client

question 1

Essay

Which of the following communications between an accountant and client are not privileged?
a)An accountant orally communicates to his client that he should set up a foreign subsidiary to shift taxable income to a lower tax jurisdiction.
b)An accountant privately submits to the client a plan for shifting taxable income to a lower tax jurisdiction.
c)During a meeting in which a client is asking for advice relating to criminal fraud, the client tells his accountant that he lied to the IRS.

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Definitions:

Narcissism

A personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.

Concrete Operations

A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where children gain the ability to think logically about concrete events.

Formal Operations

The stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, where individuals are able to think abstractly, reason logically, and manage problems systematically.