Instruction 15-6
Four Surgical Procedures Currently Are Used to Install

question 52

Short Answer

Instruction 15-6
Four surgical procedures currently are used to install pacemakers. If the patient does not need to return for follow-up surgery, the operation is called a 'clear' operation. A heart centre wants to compare the proportion of clear operations for the four procedures, and collects the following numbers of patients from their own records:
| Procedure |
$$\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } & \text { D } & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { Clear } & 27 & 41 & 21 & 7 & 96 \\\hline \text { Return } & 11 & 15 & 9 & 11 & 46 \\\hline \text { Total } & 38 & 56 & 30 & 18 & 142 \\\hline\end{array}$$ They will use this information to test for a difference among the proportion of clear operations using a chi-square test with a 0.05 level of significance.
-Referring to Instruction 15-6,the value of the test statistic is _______.

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Definitions:

Survival Chances

The probability or likelihood of living or continuing to exist under certain conditions or situations.

System Of Social Control

Mechanisms, both formal and informal, that regulate individual and group behavior in an attempt to conform to societal norms.

Norm System

The set of rules and standards shared by a group that guides and constrains the behavior of its members.

Cultural System

An organized collection of symbols, values, norms, and practices shared by a group, which guides behavior and influences social life.