Which of the Following Describes How a Positive Externality Affects

question 132

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes how a positive externality affects a competitive market?

• A)The externality causes a difference between the private benefit from consumption and the social benefit.
• B)The externality causes a difference between the private benefit from production and the social cost of production.
• C)The externality causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied.
• D)The externality causes a difference between the social cost of production and the social cost of consumption.

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Definitions:

Risk Averse

A characteristic of preferring to avoid risk, inclining towards guaranteed outcomes over potentially higher-yielding but uncertain ones.

Income

The accumulation of funds, characteristically on a habitual basis, through work or investing.

Von Neumann-Morgenstern

A theory of expected utility that describes how rational individuals choose among uncertain prospects, emphasizing the maximization of utility for decision-making under uncertainty.

Utility Function

A mathematical representation in economics that portrays an individual's preference ranking for different bundles of goods or outcomes.