The Following Items Are Positioned in Sequence: a Source of a Beam

question 57

Multiple Choice

The following items are positioned in sequence: A source of a beam of natural light of intensity I₀,three ideal polarizers A,B,and C;and an observer.Polarizer axis angles are measured clockwise from the vertical,as viewed by the observer.The axis angle of polarizer A is set at 0° (vertical) ,and the axis angle of polarizer C is set at 50°.The axis angle of polarizer B is set at 120°.What is ratio of the intensity of the beam at the observer to the intensity I₀ of the source?

• A)0.015
• B)0.020
• C)0.025
• D)0.030
• E)0.035

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Definitions:

Negotiate Costlessly

The ability to come to mutual agreement without incurring any transaction costs or facing obstacles in the negotiation process.

Coase Theorem

Principle that when parties can bargain without cost and to their mutual advantage, the resulting outcome will be efficient regardless of how property rights are specified.

Externalities

Costs or benefits that affect parties who did not choose to incur those costs or benefits, often leading to market failures.

Polluting

The act of contaminating the environment with pollutants, such as chemicals, noise, or heat, that can harm organisms and the ecosystem.