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In a DFD,an Arrow Represents

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In a DFD,an arrow represents


Definitions:

T Value

A statistic that measures the difference between an observed sample mean and the population mean in units of standard error.

Group 1

An identifier for the first set of items or individuals in a study or comparison.

Standard Deviation

A statistic that measures the dispersion or variation of a set of values relative to their mean.

Test Statistic

A test statistic is a value calculated from sample data during hypothesis testing, used to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.

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