Some Research Has Shown That Classical Conditioning And/or Observational Learning

question 121

Multiple Choice

Some research has shown that classical conditioning and/or observational learning has been noted in animals with very small cerebra, including honeybees and starfish. Other research has failed to consistently support these findings. This is a problem for which principle of critical thinking?

• A)Extraordinary claims
• B)Replicability
• C)Correlation versus causation
• D)Occam's Razor

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Definitions:

Psychodynamically Oriented

Refers to psychological approaches that emphasize unconscious processes and childhood experiences in understanding and treating mental disorders.

States Of Consciousness

Refers to the different levels of awareness of one's environment and oneself, ranging from full alertness and wakefulness to various stages of sleep and unconsciousness.

Personality Type

A classification that reflects the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique.

Fixated Stage

A concept in Freudian psychoanalysis that suggests a person may be stuck at an early developmental stage due to unresolved conflicts.