A Three-Month-Old Baby Named Bryan Smiles Even When He Is

question 182

Multiple Choice

A three-month-old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone. Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to ________.

• A)effective training by his mum
• B)his motivation to learn something new
• C)reinforcements from his immediate surroundings
• D)his innate motor programmes from birth

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Definitions:

Within-Subjects Design

A research design in which the same group of subjects is exposed to all different treatments or conditions, allowing direct comparison of the effects of each treatment on the same individuals.

Error Variance

Refers to the variation in a set of scores that is caused by extraneous variables or random error, not by the variables under investigation.

Order Effects

The impact that the sequence of presenting stimuli or conditions can have on the outcome of a study.

Statistical Validity

The extent to which the statistical conclusions drawn from a study are accurate and reliable.