Mark and Kathy Take Their Two-Year-Old Son to the Supermarket

question 51

Multiple Choice

Mark and Kathy take their two-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

• A)The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming.
• B)The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.
• C)Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.
• D)Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Understand the criteria for forming market segments including the need for differences among segments and similarities within segments.

Recognize the importance of linking customer needs to marketing actions in the process of segmenting and targeting markets.

Identify the reasons and benefits of market segmentation for businesses.

Distinguish between various bases of market segmentation including demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral.

---

Definitions:

Nearshoring

The practice of transferring a business operation to a nearby country, often to reduce costs and improve collaboration due to geographical proximity.

Onshoring

The process of returning a business's production or services to its home country from overseas to benefit from domestic advantages.

Gig Economy

A labor market characterized by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.

Sharing Economy

The sharing economy is a socioeconomic system that allows individuals to borrow or rent assets owned by someone else, emphasizing access over ownership.