How are research and development costs treated for financial reporting and for economic value added (EVA) calculations? 
Definitions:
Research Method
Systematic procedures or strategies used to investigate a hypothesis, gather data, and analyze results in scientific studies.
Longitudinal Study
A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time.
Nomothetic
An approach focusing on establishing general laws and principles through experiments and studies, applicable to the wider population.
Idiographic
An approach focusing on the individual, emphasizing personal, unique features and differences rather than generalizing across a population.
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