Studies with Identical Twins Have Indicated That Reading Disorders

question 39

Multiple Choice

Studies with identical twins have indicated that reading disorders

• A) run in families.
• B) have no genetic component.
• C) are influenced more by learning than genetics.
• D) have a smaller genetic component than mathematics disorders.

---

Definitions:

Operational Definitions

Observable operations, procedures, and measurements that are based on the independent and dependent variables.

Internal Validity

The extent to which a study can demonstrate a causal relationship between variables, minimizing the influence of external factors.

Independent Variable

A variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effects on a dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

In experimental research, the variable that is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable, reflecting outcomes or changes.