​The Center for Responsive Politics Publishes Data About Dollars Spent

question 164

Multiple Choice

​The Center for Responsive Politics publishes data about dollars spent on lobbying efforts by major companies, industries and other entities seeking to influence Congressional legislation and the political process. The table below lists the industries that spent the most money on lobbying activities in 2011 and 2013: ​
Lobbying Industry
2011 Spending
2013 Spending
Pharmaceuticals/Health Products
$241,168,770
$226,114,456
Insurance
$158,404,505
$153,235,759
Oil & Gas
$150,771,677
$144,878,531
Computers/Internet
$126,827,796
$141,226,592
Electric Utilities
$145,610,040
$129,882,034
TV/Movies/Music
$123,061,396
$118,336,958
Business Associations
$106,490,640
$108,518,903
Securities & Investment
$104,689,226
$98,342,423
Misc. Manufacturing & Distributing
$118,520,754
$96,970,399
Hospitals/Nursing Homes
$98,480,316
$91,879,521
Health Professionals
$82,641,177
$85,003,284
​
According to this data, which one of the following statements is true?

• A)Most of the top industries spent less on lobbying activities in 2013 compared to 2011.
• B)Most of the top industries spent more on lobbying activities in 2013 compared to 2011.
• C)The Computers/Internet and the Insurance industries both increased spending on lobbying activities from 2011 to 2013.
• D)Hospitals and nursing homes spent more on lobbying activities in 2013 than in 2011.
• E)Health professionals spent more on lobbying activities in 2011 than 2013.

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Definitions:

PSP

stands for PlayStation Portable, a handheld game console developed by Sony.

Fraudulent Marketing

Deceptive or misleading marketing practices that intentionally mislead consumers for the benefit of the advertiser or marketer, often leading to consumer harm.

Match-up Hypothesis

A theory suggesting that the effectiveness of an advertisement is significantly higher when there is a congruent match between the endorser and the product being endorsed.

Celebrity's Image

The public persona and attributes associated with a celebrity, often carefully crafted through media, endorsements, and public appearances to influence perception and reputation.