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Brooke works part-time as a waitress in a restaurant. For groups of 7 or more customers, the customer is charged 15% of the bill for Brooke's services. For parties of less than 7, the tips are voluntary. Brooke received $11,000 from the groups of 7 or more and $7,000 in voluntary tips from all other customers. Using the customary 15% rate, her voluntary tips would have been only $6,000. Brooke must include $18,000 ($11,000 + $7,000) in gross income.
Expectancy Theory
A motivation theory stating that an individual's willingness to exert effort is a function of the expected outcome of the effort, the value of that outcome, and the perceived likelihood that the effort will lead to the expected outcome.
Work Effort
The amount of physical or mental energy expended towards the achievement of a task or goal.
Reward Outcomes
The benefits or compensations received as a result of completing a task or achieving a goal, which can be intrinsic (personal satisfaction) or extrinsic (material incentives).
Goal Setting
The process of identifying specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives that guide an individual's or organization's focus and direction.
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