For Each of the Following Activities,characteristics,and Applications,identify Whether They Can

question 124

Essay

For each of the following activities,characteristics,and applications,identify whether they can be found in a centralized organization,a decentralized organization,or both types of organizations.
___a. Freedom for managers at lower organizational levels to make decisions
___b. Gathering information may be very expensive
___c. Greater responsiveness to user needs
___d. Have few interdependencies among divisions
___e. Maximum constraints and minimum freedom for managers at lowest levels
___f. Maximization of benefits over costs
___g. Minimization of duplicate functions
___h. Minimum of suboptimization
___i. Multiple responsibility centers with various reporting units
___j. Profit centers

---

Definitions:

Non-directional

A hypothesis that does not predict the direction of the difference or relationship between the variables being studied.

≠ Symbol

The symbol ≠ denotes 'not equal to' in mathematical equations, indicating the inequality between two values.

≠ Symbol

A mathematical symbol representing inequality, indicating that two values are not equal.

Alternative Hypothesis

A hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis, suggesting a new effect or relationship.