How Can Learning Theory Help to Explain Why Diet Drinks

question 17

Multiple Choice

How can learning theory help to explain why diet drinks are ineffective in helping people lose weight?

• A) Sugar acts as a positive reinforcer, but artificial sweeteners act as a negative reinforcer.
• B) Stimulus discrimination allows the body to tell the difference between real sugar and artificial sweeteners.
• C) Extinction occurs when artificial sweeteners are introduced, but spontaneous recovery leads to a return of overeating.
• D) People normally learn that sweet tastes (CS) predict calories (US), but artificial sweeteners weaken this association.

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Definitions:

Forward Contract

A bespoke arrangement between two parties for acquiring or disposing of an asset at a designated price on an upcoming date.

Hedge

An investment made to reduce the risk of adverse price movements in an asset.

Speculative Forward Contract

A financial derivative used to speculate on the future price of an asset, involving an agreement to buy or sell the asset at a future date for a price determined today.

Fair Value Hedge

A risk management technique that uses financial instruments to mitigate the risk associated with changes in the fair value of an asset or liability.