For Each of the Following Situations Explain Why the Expenditure

question 32

Essay

For each of the following situations explain why the expenditure is or is not deductible and any limitations that may be placed on the amount of the deduction.
a.Ellis is a part-time bookkeeper for Gilmore Company.The owner of Gilmore told Ellis that if he earns an accounting degree and passes the CPA exam,he would hire him as Gilmore's accountant.Ellis spends $5,600 taking classes towards an accounting degree at City College.
b.Harry owns Circus City Condiments,a wholesaler of circus food.In 2007 he loaned his friend Joanna $8,000 at 6% annual interest with the balance due in 5 years.Joanna used the loan to open a beauty salon.In December 2013,Joanna tells Harry that she has filed for bankruptcy and that he will be lucky to get $2,000 of his money back.The bankruptcy proceedings had not been completed at the end of 2013.
c.Audrey is a self-employed computer consultant.Harvey calls Audrey and asks her for information on installing a new Lan-based workstation system in his business.Audrey meets Harvey at Franco's Chop House.They have dinner while Audrey explains how such a system will work and what it will cost.Audrey pays for the dinner,which costs $100.Harvey calls Audrey the next day and tells her that he has decided that the system costs too much and that he will not need her services.

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Definitions:

Cognitive Abilities

The mental capabilities that involve reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, complex idea comprehension, quick learning, and learning from experience.

Single Solution

A method or answer that addresses a problem or question in one definitive way, without considering alternatives.

Nonconformists

Individuals who refuse to follow established ways of thinking or acting and instead, embrace uniqueness and individuality.

Convergent Thinking

A cognitive process involving the focusing of ideas and solutions toward determining a single best solution to a problem.