DrDarius Subtly and Unknowingly Communicated Her Expectations to Her Subjects

question 99

Multiple Choice

Dr.Darius subtly and unknowingly communicated her expectations to her subjects, which resulted in her subjects behaving in ways that made her expectations come true, a phenomenon known as the

• A) Barnum effect.
• B) actor-observer effect.
• C) anthropomorphic error.
• D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

---

Definitions:

Collectivistic Cultures

Societies that prioritize group goals over individual ones and emphasize interdependence among individuals.

Individualistic Cultures

Societies that emphasize personal achievements and rights, fostering an independence and self-reliance among its members.

Drive for Consistency

An internal push within individuals to ensure that their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are all in agreement.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A theory suggesting that individuals experience discomfort when holding two or more conflicting cognitions (beliefs, attitudes, or values), leading to an alteration in one of the cognitions to reduce the discomfort.