Each Member of the Population Has an Equal Opportunity of Being

question 178

Multiple Choice

Each member of the population has an equal opportunity of being included in the sample when an experimenter uses

• A) standard deviation sampling.
• B) a negative correlation.
• C) a frequency distribution.
• D) random selection.

Understand the psychological concept of learned helplessness and its impact on behavior.

Recognize the role of discriminative stimuli in signaling the availability of reinforcement.

Describe various reinforcement schedules and their effects on behavior.

Explain the phenomena of extinction and generalization within the context of operant conditioning.

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Definitions:

Recency Judgments

The evaluations or decisions made based on the most recent information or experiences, rather than on earlier data.

Attributions

The process by which individuals infer the causes of their own and others' behavior.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A belief or expectation that influences behavior in a way that causes the belief to become true.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior.