Two Political Commentators Are Debating the Merits of Affirmative Action

question 23

Multiple Choice

Two political commentators are debating the merits of affirmative action.One commentator argues that affirmative action should be eliminated now that there's "an even playing field" for everyone.The other commentator replies,"The fact is that people who live in the white suburbs have advantages over blacks and Latinos in the city,just like they have advantages over poor people more generally." The second commentator's argument against ending affirmative action is responding to which of the following tendencies of color-blindness?

• A)the tendency of color-blindness to rationalize group differences as a result of people's cultures
• B)the tendency of color-blindness to minimize the importance of the historical legacies of race-based structural inequalities
• C)the tendency of color-blindness to invoke claims of equality that seem to be based on moral principles
• D)the tendency of color-blindness to chastise people for claiming that they experience discrimination on a day-to-day basis

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Definitions:

Expected Value

The long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents, computed as the weighted average of all possible values.

Poisson Random Variable

Represents the number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space, assuming that these events happen with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event.

Random Variable

A variable whose possible values are numerical outcomes of a random phenomenon, used in probability and statistics to model randomness.

Expected Value

The anticipated value of a variable, calculated as the sum of all possible values each multiplied by the probability of its occurrence.