Philip Suffered Great Pain in the Elbow of His Phantom

question 13

Multiple Choice

Philip suffered great pain in the elbow of his phantom arm,which seemed to be locked in an awkward position.Ramachandran successfully treated him by

• A) injecting his stump with stem cells.
• B) injecting his stump with curare.
• C) having him practice moving his phantom limb while he imagined that he saw it moving.
• D) having him make synchronous, bilaterally symmetrical movements of "both arms" while directly viewing his good arm and a mirror image of it where his phantom limb would have been.
• E) having him practice moving his phantom limb while his good arm was tied down.

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Definitions:

Geographic Isolation

A mechanism of evolutionary separation where populations of a species are physically separated by geographic barriers leading to species divergence.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring, a key mechanism of evolution.

Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands are an archipelago of volcanic islands located in the Pacific Ocean, renowned for their unique and diverse ecosystems which played a significant role in the development of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Disruptive Selection

Outcome of natural selection in which the two extreme phenotypes are favored over the average phenotype, leading to more than one distinct form.