Which of the Following Is an Example of the U

question 153

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of the U.S. government's use of a "command and control" approach to reducing pollution?

• A) In 1990, Congress approved measures designed to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions to 8.5 million tons annually by 2010.
• B) The U.S. government imposed a tax on electric utilities to reduce damages from acid rain.
• C) The government issued electric utilities tradable emissions allowances in order to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide.
• D) In the 1980s, the U.S. government required the installation of catalytic converters to reduce emissions from all new automobiles.

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Definitions:

Independent Variable

In a study, the variable that is altered or controlled by the scientist to examine its impact on the dependent variable.

Experimenter Bias

A process where the scientists performing the research influence the results, consciously or unconsciously, in a way that introduces errors or specific outcomes.

Placebo Effect

The phenomenon in which a person experiences a physiological or psychological improvement after being treated with an inert or ineffective substance or intervention.

Sampling Bias

A bias that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it was drawn, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions.