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Define "Bottom - Up" Processing and "Top - Down" Processing

question 15

Essay

Define "bottom - up" processing and "top - down" processing. Give an example of each.


Definitions:

Yield to Maturity

The total return anticipated on a bond if it is held until the maturity date, factoring in the current price, par value, coupon yield, and time to maturity.

Coupon Rate

Each year, the interest rate a bond yields, expressed in terms of the percentage of its face value.

Premium

A premium is the amount by which the price of a security or financial instrument exceeds its intrinsic or face value.

Indenture

A legal contract specifying the terms and conditions of a bond or loan, including interest rates, repayment schedule, and other obligations.

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