Why Do Experiments Allow Conclusions About Cause and Effect Relationships

question 162

Multiple Choice

Why do experiments allow conclusions about cause and effect relationships?

• A) Researchers take great care in selecting a representative population.
• B) Researchers assign participants to either control or experimental conditions.
• C) Researchers manipulate one variable and observe its effects on the other variable.
• D) Researchers take great care in controlling all variables that might influence results.

---

Definitions:

Milgram Experiment

A psychological experiment conducted by Stanley Milgram in the 1960s to study obedience to authority, where participants were instructed to administer electric shocks to another person.

Stanford University Prison Experiment

A psychological study conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1971 at Stanford University, where students were assigned roles of prisoners and guards to explore the effects of perceived power.

Generalization

Drawing a conclusion about a certain characteristic of a population based on a sample from it.

Logical Support

The provision of reasons or evidence to justify a claim or argument.