The Text Describes Orphanages in Romania in Which All of the Infants

question 135

Multiple Choice

The text describes orphanages in Romania in which all of the infants had been seriously deprived.What was found regarding cognitive development for the children who were adopted when they were older than six months of age?

• A) They had a rate of cognitive impairment several times higher than the children adopted less than six months of age.
• B) They recovered extremely quickly.
• C) They were initially impaired, but recovered by the time they were two years old.
• D) They recovered very slowly, but by the time they were 20 were similar to others their age.

---

Definitions:

Primary Reinforcers

Innate reinforcing qualities such as food, drink, and pleasure, which do not require learning to become effective in shaping behavior.

Contingent Reinforcement

A method where the provision of rewards or consequences is directly dependent on the display of specific behaviors.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus that strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response or behavior by being presented after that response or behavior.

Reinforcer

Any stimulus that strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response or behavior by the means of positive or negative reinforcement.