Why Was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology Considered a Challenge

question 67

Multiple Choice

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

• A) Ward embraced "survival of the fittest," while Sumner embraced "survival of the smartest."
• B) Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, while Sumner argued the opposite.
• C) Ward denied the existence of evolution, while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution.
• D) Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
• E) Ward was a Democrat, and Sumner was a Republican.

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Definitions:

Personal Time Allowances

Additional time given to workers to account for personal needs, breaks, and minor delays that are part of the work process.

Work Measurement

The process of analyzing and assessing the time necessary to complete tasks to determine ways to increase efficiency.

Work Sampling

A statistical technique used for analyzing work efficiency and performance by taking random samples of work activities over time.

Idle Time

Periods when resources are available but not in use, often due to delays, inefficiencies, or lack of demand, leading to wasted capacity.