In Terms of Manipulating Variables,what Is the Difference Between an Observational

question 23

Essay

In terms of manipulating variables,what is the difference between an observational study and an experimental study? Which type of study can test cause-and-effect relationships?

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Definitions:

Directional

In statistics, directional indicates that a hypothesis specifies the direction of an expected difference or relationship.

Alternative Hypothesis

In statistical testing, the hypothesis that proposes there is a statistically significant relationship or difference between two variables, as opposed to the null hypothesis.

Standard Deviations

A measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values from the mean.

Standard Error

The standard deviation of the sample mean distribution, often used to estimate the accuracy of the sample mean compared to the population mean.