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The largest welfare program in the United States, costing more than all cash and other in-kind transfer programs combined, is:
Covariance
A metric that quantifies the extent to which two variables change in correspondence with each other.
Correlation Coefficient
A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two variables change together, showing how one variable's movement is related to another's.
Standard Deviation
A statistical measurement that illustrates how spread out the values of a data set are around the mean, indicating the variability or volatility.
Expected Returns
The anticipated average return of an investment over a certain period, taking into account both the probability and the impact of all possible outcomes.