Which of Statement Implies That Smoking Causes a Positive Externality

question 37

Multiple Choice

Which of statement implies that smoking causes a positive externality?

• A) Employers lower all wages to account for less productive workers.
• B) Smokers die too early to collect Social Security benefits.
• C) Insurance companies adjust insurance premiums for smoking status.
• D) Income earned by smokers is reduced because they tend to be less productive.

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Definitions:

Behavior Problem

Actions or patterns of behavior that are disruptive or harmful to oneself or others, often signaling underlying psychological or emotional issues.

Consciousness Problem

A philosophical issue concerning the nature of consciousness and how it relates to the brain and the physical world.

Stages of Change

A model in psychology that describes the steps an individual goes through to change a behavior, including precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and sometimes relapse.

Stages of Change Model

A framework used in counseling and psychology to describe the process by which individuals move through a series of stages when changing behavior.