A Professor Grades 120 Research Papers and Reports That the Average

question 24

Multiple Choice

A professor grades 120 research papers and reports that the average score was an 80%.What do we know about the sum of the differences of these 120 scores from their mean of 80%?

• A)The sum of the differences is minimal.
• B)The sum of the differences is 80%,the same as the mean.
• C)The sum of the differences is equal to zero.
• D)It is impossible to know without knowing each of the 120 scores.

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Definitions:

External Benefit

An uncompensated benefit that an individual or firm confers on others; also known as positive externality.

Higher Costs

Expenses that exceed the usual or expected amount, which can negatively impact profitability and pricing strategies.

Plastics Manufacturing

The industrial process of producing polymers and polymer-based items, used in various applications from packaging to automotive parts.

Negative Externality

An economic activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated third party, often leading to market failure if not addressed, like pollution.